What Is the Prostate?

The prostate is a small but important gland that plays a key role in male reproductive health. It is located just below the urinary bladder and sits in front of the rectum, which is why it can be felt during a digital rectal examination. One unique feature of the prostate is that it surrounds the urethra; the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body.

Functionally, the prostate contributes to the production of semen. It secretes a fluid that helps nourish and protect sperm, improving their mobility and survival after ejaculation. This prostatic fluid combines with sperm from the testes and secretions from other reproductive glands, such as the seminal vesicles, to form semen. During ejaculation, the smooth muscle within the prostate contracts, helping push semen forward through the urethra. The prostate is present from birth, but it remains small during childhood. It begins to grow during puberty under the influence of male hormones and continues to enlarge gradually throughout adulthood. While this growth is a normal part of aging, excessive enlargement or abnormal changes in the prostate can lead to urinary, sexual, and general health concerns that may require medical evaluation.